Who Enrolls in a Quit Smoking Program with Yoga Therapy?

Objectives: Yoga may improve stress, affect, and weight control, all of which are commonly cited barriers to quitting smoking. However, the importance of these concerns may vary by sex, race, ethnicity, and age. We examined smoking-relevant characteristics of individuals enrolling in an 8-week randomized controlled trial testing yoga as a complementary treatment to standard smoking cessation. Methods: Of 958 callers, 227 were eligible and enrolled. Results: The sample was 55% female, 86% non-Hispanic white, with a mean age of 46 years (SD = 12). Males smoked more cigarettes/ day than females and had lower motivation to quit smoking. Females were more likely to smoke for weight control, social and mood-related reasons, and had higher expectations for the efficacy of yoga. Age was negatively associated with the presence of other smokers in the household, and smoking in response to negative moods, and was positively associated with smoking rate, and confidence in quitting. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that both males and females were interested in a program offering yoga as a complementary therapy for smoking cessation. However, there were both sex and age-related differences with respect to smoking-related variables that may suggest a need to adapt the intervention for sub-populations.